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| VOLUME 94 | ISSUE 3 |
PAGE 240
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| Crossovers between superconducting symmetry classes
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V. A. Koziy, M. A. Skvortsov
L.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
We study the average density of states in a small metallic grain
coupled to two superconductors with the phase difference π,
in a magnetic field. The spectrum of the low-energy excitations
in the grain is described by the random matrix theory whose symmetry
depends on the magnetic field strength and coupling to the
superconductors.
In the limiting cases,
a pure superconducting symmetry class is realized.
For intermediate magnetic fields or couplings
to the superconductors, the system experiences a crossover
between different symmetry classes. With the help of the supersymmetric
σ-model we derive the exact expressions for the average density
of states in the crossovers between the symmetry classes A-C and CI-C.
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